Introduction to Bioelectrodes

This book is the outgrowth of several courses that the author has taught during the last decade at three universities. Most recently, it has served as the principal text for a course offered in the Bioengineering Graduate Program at the University of Wyoming. The book is designed to fill two needs. For the casual reader who just wants to know something about electrodes, it provides a general overview of the types of electrodes available for different uses. For the student, clinician,...
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This book is the outgrowth of several courses that the author has taught during the last decade at three universities. Most recently, it has served as the principal text for a course offered in the Bioengineering Graduate Program at the University of Wyoming. The book is designed to fill two needs. For the casual reader who just wants to know something about electrodes, it provides a general overview of the types of electrodes available for different uses. For the student, clinician, and researcher, theories are discussed and practical methods are described. Both fabrication methods and techniques for use are presented for a variety of electrodes, as well as electrode systems and configurations. The discussion applies to electrodes in both the stimulating and recording modes. In addition to fabrication and use techniques, there is extensive dis­ cussion of various problems associated with electrodes. Attention is directed to electrode polarization (both alternating-and direct-current phenomena), electrical noise, and requirements for backup instrumentation such as electronic amplifiers. A brief treatment of signal analysis and filtering tech­ niques is included to complement the chapter dealing with amplifiers and the discussions of noise.