Attribution and Arbitration in International Law

Affiliation within International Law and Arbitration provides clarification and critical analysis of the international norms of the attribution of conduct, especially in relation to their application to states in international law of investment. It considers the fundamental question of how much violations of State obligations, especially in relation to the State commitments to foreign investors as part of International investment agreements (IIAs) as well as bilateral investment...
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Affiliation within International Law and Arbitration provides clarification and critical analysis of the international norms of the attribution of conduct, especially in relation to their application to states in international law of investment. It considers the fundamental question of how much violations of State obligations, especially in relation to the State commitments to foreign investors as part of International investment agreements (IIAs) as well as bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and bilateral investment treaties (BITs), can be attributable to. In this particular context is the accountability of States in cases where the alleged violation is committed by separate legal entities, not the State itself. In the context of domestic law, entities like state-owned companies (SOEs) are considered to be legally distinct, but the State could still be held accountable for their conduct under international law. It further explains the particulars regarding international law on investment that is based on an in-depth review of both practice and law, while giving proper attention to the debate in academia. The result is an extensive and innovative approach to one of the most challenging issues in investment arbitration. International arbitration can be described as a hybrid type that uses international disputes resolution because it blends elements of civil procedure and common law procedure and gives the parties a substantial chance to determine the arbitration procedure by the conditions under which their dispute can be settled. International arbitrage is similar to court litigation in domestic courts however instead of being conducted before a local court; it takes place in front of arbitrators who are private adjudicators. It is a neutral, consensual legally binding, private and legal method of international dispute resolution which tends to be more efficient and less costly than court proceedings in the domestic courts. International arbitration has grown to permit parties with different languages, legal and cultural backgrounds to settle disputes in a definitive and binding way, usually without the formalities of procedure rules of their local legal system.