Azmar-Goizha Plant Field Guide

Azmar-Goizha Mountain is located in Sulaimani Governorate of Kurdistan Iraq, and it is part of the extensive Zagros Mountain Steppe ecoregion. Azmar- Goizha overlooks Sulaimani City from the east between latitudes 35°29ʹ‒35°42ʹN and longitudes 45°26ʹ‒45°33ʹE. Its altitudes range from as low as 865 m near Tagaran Village to 1,700 m, the highest peak. It is about 28 km long and about 12 km at its widest part and occupies a total area of about 250...
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Azmar-Goizha Mountain is located in Sulaimani Governorate of Kurdistan Iraq, and it is part of the extensive Zagros Mountain Steppe ecoregion. Azmar- Goizha overlooks Sulaimani City from the east between latitudes 35°29ʹ‒35°42ʹN and longitudes 45°26ʹ‒45°33ʹE. Its altitudes range from as low as 865 m near Tagaran Village to 1,700 m, the highest peak. It is about 28 km long and about 12 km at its widest part and occupies a total area of about 250 km². This plant field guide is a part of the Flora of Azmar-Goizha, a project of the Kurdistan Botanical Foundation (KBF) based on a two-year (2014 and 2015) intensive study of the plants in the field, libraries, and herbaria. All specimens collected during this study were identified, numbered, classified, and deposited in the herbarium of this Foundation (KBFH).This study was very urgent to conduct because of the rapid loss of natural habitats and the tremendous disturbance in this region, including substantial housing projects and establishing commercial facilities, construction of amusement parks, new high-rise residential areas, roadsand tunnels, reforestation of slopes by non-native trees, conversion of vast areas to vineyards and fruit orchards, and increasing recreation throughout the year. The KBF hopes that the readers will enjoy this field guide and benefit from it, as well as support the Foundation's continuous effort to survey all Kurdistan to protect and conserve the natural wealth and beauty of the region for future generations.For easy referencing, an alphabetic arrangement of all taxa is used from the family to the species ranks. Family limits and generic placements follow Mabberley (2008) and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Name abbreviation of authors of plant names follow the International Plant Name Index (IPNI).The single elevation, longitude, and latitude given under the heading "habitat" for each of the following 112 species represent the single location of the voucher specimens collected and photographed by the first author and deposited in the herbarium of the Kurdistan botanical foundation (KBFH).