History of 1200 Years of Farsi Poem Composing by Poetesses

Undoubtedly limitations, restrictions and obstacles that women are facing because of their gender, have direct and indirect influences on their poetry As Helene Cixous has said: "Women throughout the history have always been faced by three kinds of suppressions: suppression of woman herself, suppression of women's body and suppression of womanly language. ... Women must break the silence; the womanly language is the language in which a woman must write all women's characteristics...
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Undoubtedly limitations, restrictions and obstacles that women are facing because of their gender, have direct and indirect influences on their poetry As Helene Cixous has said: "Women throughout the history have always been faced by three kinds of suppressions: suppression of woman herself, suppression of women's body and suppression of womanly language. ... Women must break the silence; the womanly language is the language in which a woman must write all women's characteristics including the specifics of her body." According to the Pegah Ahmadi, contemporary Iranian poetess: "In traditionally closed and totalitarian societies, women are suppressed and discriminated by society, the government and the family in the forms of fathers, brothers and husbands. Some of these discriminations are:- Existence of laws, based on injustice and discriminations- Lack of equal opportunities in the market place- Discriminative punishment laws- Efforts to lower and weaken women- Denial of women's abilities and capabilities - Creation of obstacles, limitations and restrictions on women's education and employment opportunitiesIn addition, history has shown that an Eastern woman also suffers from the following problems:- Thoughts of self-guilt- Self limitation and shyness- Lack of individuality- Fear- Feelings of insecurity - Feelings of uselessness, except in the role as a mother or a wife All these limitations, restrictions and discriminations have been imposed on women by the male dominated society and unjust laws, rules and regulations. In such a society, any kind of creation and creativity by women count as disobedience, rebellion and even as a threat to the structure of the system. In such a society as it is, a woman suffers from being a woman, let alone being a writer or a poet. Therefore, a female writer faces enormous obstacles and difficulties such as censorship, limitations and restrictions in writing as well as humiliation and lack of mental and physical security. These factors cause women to feel threatened and fearful and eventually force them to be isolated from the society. A female writer or a poet, instead of focusing on her own creativity, has to put her effort and energy to find a way to free herself of the existing crisis. Censorship is the most important issue that we as writers or poets are facing, but it is not only a women's issue, because it applies to female and male writers and poets equally. This is the only area with equal opportunity! However, it needs to be pointed out that prior to governmental censorship; the trace of gender discrimination is evident in women's literary works and shows itself as:- Self-censoring due to traditional and cultural upbringing- Avoiding to use some of the words and vocabularies that are thought to be not suitable for women to mention - Avoiding political and social issues in poetry that are believed to be used by men only - Transformation of poetry to the phenomenon that satisfies male wishesConsequently, the poetry becomes decorative and superficial, avoiding the influence of the individuality, because any free expression and independent thought are interpreted as rudeness and being anti-system".This book is in 980 pages and 219909 words covering the life and works of 450 poetesses who composed their poems in Persian from India Subcontinent to Ottoman Empire.